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Venlo Incident
The Venlo Incident was a covert German ''Sicherheitsdienst'' (SD-Security Service) operation, in the course of which two British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) agents were abducted on the outskirts of the town of Venlo, the Netherlands, on 9 November 1939.〔"The Scotsman", November 25, 1939, p13〕〔Captain S. Payne Best, "The Venlo Incident", first published by Hutchinson & Co,1950. p14-17〕 The incident was later used by the German Nazi government to link Britain to Georg Elser's failed assassination attempt on German Chancellor Adolf Hitler at the Bürgerbräukeller in Munich, Germany, on 8 November 1939 and to justify Germany's invasion of the Netherlands, while a neutral country, on 10 May 1940.〔Hitler first mentioned the possibility of using the Venlo Incident as an excuse for invading the Netherlands at a military conference on 23 November 1939. See Documents on German Foreign Policy, Series D, Vol. VIII, 445.〕
==Background ==
Even after the British declaration of war on Nazi Germany on September 3, 1939, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was still interested in seeking a compromise peace with Germany before too much blood had been spilt.〔Martin A. Allen, ''Himmler's Secret War: The Covert Peace Negotiations of Heinrich Himmler'', Robson Books, London (2005) p 54.〕
The British government were well aware of the existence of widespread opposition among the leaders of the German Army. During the autumn of 1939 the German opposition was throwing out feelers to the British government all over Europe. In October the Munich lawyer Josef Müller got in touch with the British through the Vatican with the connivance of Colonel Hans Oster. Theodor Kordt, the younger brother of Erich, pursued similar objectives in Bern. The Swedish industrialist Birger Dahlerus tried to establish peace through an early form of shuttle diplomacy, partly performed on Dutch soil. And in early October the Dutch minister in Ankara, Philipp C. Visser, was communicating peace proposals on the line of the Dahlerus proposals, made by Hitler's former Deputy Chancellor and then ambassador to Turkey, Franz von Papen, to the British ambassador Sir Hugh KnatchbuIl-Hugessen.〔Bob de Graaff, (''The Venlo Incident'' ), London, 1990, S. 2-13〕
All diplomatic efforts to avoid the Second World War during the days preceding the German invasion of Poland in 1939 had come to nothing. So when a German refugee named Fischer succeeded in winning the confidence of the exiled Catholic leader, Dr Karl Spiecker, a British intelligence informant in the Netherlands, the British SIS became interested in the information Fischer was offering.〔Nigel Jones, ''Introduction to The Venlo Incident'', Frontline Books, 2009, p xii.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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